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I 



AN 

ADDRESS 
ON THE EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE 

VALLEY OP PEttUEA. 



DELIVERED BY 



REDMOND CONYNGHAM, 

AT THE LYCEUM CELECUATION, FOUUf.l Ol JULY 1812, AT PARADlaE. 



WITH AN APPENDIX, 



CONTAINING A HISTORY OP THE TIQUAWS, WITH A NOTICE OP TANAWA, 
AN INDIAN KING OF GREAT CELEBRITY. 



TO WHICH IS APPENDED 

ANECDOTES OF WILLIAM PENN, WITH THE NAMES OF THE EAI? if 
SETTLERS AND DATES OF SETTLEMENT. 



Published for tlic Faradisc Lyccuui. 



1842. 






9- 9 a oc 



ADDRESS. 



Ladies and Gentlkmen— Delegates from the Philadelphia Lyceum; the Lyceum and Me- 
chanics' Institute of the City of Lancaster; Delegates from the Lvceuuis and Literary 
Societies of tlie County of Lancaster;— Friends and Fellow-Citizens : 

As the Representative of the Paradise Lyceum we return you our 
hearty thanks and grateful acknowledgments, for the honor conferred 
by attending and participating in this day's celebration. 

Permit mc to tresspass for a short period, while I recall some of the 
early scenes of Pennsylvania History. Let me remind you of a man to 
whom Pennsylvania is as much indebted for her prosperity as any of 
her native citizens — William Penn. The ruling principle of every act 
of his life was Benevolence. A favorite and associate of Princes — he 
despised wealth and honors : — titles, rank and ostentatious display, for 
him had no charms. Youth of Pennsylvania, emulate his example: ho 
was a model worthy of imitation. A Republican in principle : He 
wrote to his wife, "It is my wish that my sons should receive a good 
English Education — not that of a College — a College Education would 
unfit them for a country life, it is too apt to engender pride and vanity; 
a city life affords too many temptations to vice. I believe the life of a 
Farmer to be the one originally intended for man by his Creator." Such 
were the sentiments of William Penn. 

He came not at the head of an army to plant his C^iony — he attempt- 
ed not witli British Cannon to wrest this land from the rightful posses- 
sors of their soil, and drive them by the force of arms even into the 
Pacific. He came impelled by the noblo.s'C principle of his nature, to 
intercept the Indian on his path to tho tomb, and lead him to everlast- 
ing life. It was not to establish an Empire that he desired to colonize 
Pennsylvania — no! a lovelier native glowed within his bosom. Com- 
passion stimulated him to ma-'^^G Pennsylvania an asylum where the op- 
pressed from Europe might enjoy civil and religious liberty. He invit- 
ed the Calvinist from Holland — the Lutheran from Germany — the 
Mennonist from Switzerland — the Huguenot from France — the hardy 
Mountaineer from Wales — Irishmen, suffering from tyranny — to settle 
in Pennsylvania. 

Time admonishes me to be brief. Let mc remind you of a name — a 
name jusdy dear to most of you — Mary Ferree. Mary Fcrrec was a 
woman of superior endowments. The religious wars of France had de- 
prived her of husband and fortune : Confidence in God alone remain- 
ed. Taking her children by the hand and raising her eyes to Heaven, 
"For these I wish to live, grant me this boon, oh ! Heaven — my 
native land adieu forever." Armed with a spirit of resolution superior 
to her sex, she went to London, from thence to Kensington where Wil- 
liam Penn resided, to be near Queen Anne, of whom he was deservedly 
a favorite. Madame Fcrrec made her wishes known to him : William 
Penn sympathized with her in her misfortunes and became interested 



[ot her and her chifvircn, and ncxt day IrAroduced her lo Queen Anne. 

The Queen v/as delighted in tlius being afibrdcd an opportunity to 
display the natural feelings of her heart. Lodgings were obtained for 
Madame Ferree in the vicinity until a vessel was ready to sail for New 
York. The Queen ordered every utensil and article to be procured 
which might j)rove useful in the infant Colony for Madame Ferree. — 
This lady reached Philadelphia near the period when the cultivation of 
ihc vine v/as abandoned, and joined the Huguenots, who were then pre- 
paring to settle in the interior of Pennsylvania. 

Amojig the distinguished Huguenots of France was the Chevalier De 
La Nouc, eminent for his virtues — great in his afflictions. He intro- 
duced himself to William Penn, "Behold the last of a noble raf^e, de- 
prived of rank, estate, and family — once powerful, now destitute — I am 
alone, let me end my days in the land of Penn, where persecution can 
never reach me more." William Penn received him into his family, and 
afterwards sent him to Philadelphia. 

And now let me turn your attention to a youth of fourteen : His pa- 
rents had perished in the religious wars which had desolated France — 
an orphan — friendless — he travelled through Holland — went to London 
• — came to Kensington where he made known his intentions to William 
Penn. Alone? oh no! he had one companion — it was his consolator in 
Europe — it was his comforter in Pennsylvania — that companion was his 
Bible. That young lad was Isaac Le Fevre. That Bible is still pre- 
served by the family of Lc Fevres as a most precious relic. 

Some of the Huguenots settled on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, 
where they hud a vineyard. Not far distant another attempt to culti- 
vate the grape was made by De La Noue, Le Fevre, Dubois, Boileau, 
Larroux, &;c., &c. 

Now let me change <he picture. 

It was on the evening of a summer's day when the Huguenots reach- 
ed the verge of a hill commaiiJing a view of the Valley of the Pequea; 
it was a woodland scene, a forest inhabited by wild beasts, for no indi- 
cation of civilized man was near; scattered along the Pequea, amidst 
the dark green hazel, could be discernfl the Indian Wigwams, the 
smoke issuing therefrom in its spiral form : no sound was heard but the 
songs of the birds: in silence they contemplated the beautiful prospect 
which nature presented to their view. Suddenly a number of Indians 
darted from the woods — the females shrieked — when an Indian advanc- 
ed, and in broken English said to Madame Ferree, "Indian no harm 
white — white good to Indian — go to Beaver our Chief — comc« to Beaver." 
Few were the words of the Indian. They went with him to Beaver's cabin, 
and Beaver, with the humanity that distinguished the Indian of that period 
gave up to the Emigrants his Wigwam. Next day he introduced them 
to Tanawa, who lived on the great flats of Pequea. 

And who was Tanawa? 

The friend of William Penn, who had not only been present but 
signed the Great Treaty. 

This wood that Indian Hunter lov'd who went at break of day, 

To track the wild deer or to tree tlic pantlier on his way; 
Ilcro once the humblo VViijwain stood, and oft. the sunset threw 

lis shadows o'er those Indian scenes, this forest only knew, 



'dcre aid :hc tribe stiii seek the shade, where no; Ir.e nun pce:.\. ....ou^.., 

To rouse the Council Fire, i'-.at ofl did ligiii yon hill go OIgc; 
Then dra'.v l!;c hickory bow, and rnakc ihc whole v/olkin ring; 

As wiih a bound an arrow springs, forcing the air to sing. 
There stood his cabin, where spread the Sumach's foliage to the air, 

In the dark hazel shade the children oft did love to nostlo there. 
Then would tiie skilful Indian take his dart, and where yon ripples play, 

Strike at the glisirning troui, beneatli the Alders bank of bright Pcquea. 
Yon Western cloud tlial shakes the air with thunder, bodes the coming storm; 

The lighlnintj's flash, displays the sterner grandeur of his Indian lorm. 
"I welcome thee," he cried, "tiiou arm of fire, strike — how nobly thus to die — 

Calm can I gaze on thee, howe'er sliarp thy glance, thou shalt not quail my oyc." 
And where is Tanawa, that noble Indian Kmg? 

His bones repose with those of his Fathers, in the Indian Field at Paradise. 
Time shall roll on, and not a stone shall there remain to tell, 

Of the grave of Tanawa or the Wigwam of the dell. 
The Elm's rich foliage, shall throw its shade tipon a whiter face. 

While near the spot that Warrior rests, a holy Church shall grace. 
Then Tanawa, tradition keeps, there cast the searching eye. 

To yon bright'ning grandeur of the western evening sky, 
Shall wake the thouglit of what he was, the noble and the free, 

When first the white man erost his path, from land beyond the sea. 

The Indians believed that the spirits of their fathers shone in the 
splendid sKy, at sunset; the Chief with exultation would point at na- 
ture's brilliant scenery and exclaim, "Behold the sun, how magnificent, 
surrounded with Indian Warriors; the moon may be splendid, the stars 
may sparkle, but far surpassing these in beauty, are yonder spirits of the 
sons of the Forest now sporting in the air." 

Tradition has recorded no act of cruelty or treachery practised upon 
the white settlers by the Piquaws, but on the contrary of their kind 
deeds. Venison and trout they supplied the white settlers, getting a 
little milk in return. The Piquaws led peaceful and innocent lives; 
they had not then been contaminated by European vices. In 1718, the 
Huguenots were joined by the Mennonists. 

Isaac Le Fevre married a daughter of Mary Ferree. One of the Fer- 
ree's was so much pleased with the character of William Penn that he 
became a member of the Society of Friends. 

The wigwam has given place to the town — the cabin of the hunter 
has been converted into the substantial farmer's dwelling — the great for- 
ests are now cultivated fields — the surrounding country presents a beau- 
tiful picture, land in the highest state of cultivation; — and to whom arc 
we indebted for this? To the Huguenot and the Mcnnonist, to the skill 
of the Farmer, and the industry of the Mechanic. Be assured, if hap- 
piness has a dwelling upon earth, it will be found in Lancaster County. 

Notes. — It is not a little remarkable, that the place where tliis address was delivered, 
was the first encampment and settlement of Mary Ferree. This was unknown to the 
speaker at the time. 

The Wigwam of Tanawa, originally stood near the same spot. 

"And not a stone shall there remain to tell." A pile of stones covered the grave of 
Tanawa. 

" Yon hill so blue." The Welsh Mountains. 

''A Holy Church shall grace." All Saints Church is erected on the Indian burial 
ground. 

"Then draw the hickory bow." It was usual for the King to close the deliberations 



The Huguenots. 

France prcscntcil a melancholy spectacle during the period of religious warfare. — 
Ilcr soil tvas stained with the blood of her children. The besom of destruction swept 
her luxuriant fields; her splendid palaces; her stately mansions, were now in ruins : — 
desolate was the Hall where mirth and music once resounded. Her silk maufaoioriea 
were demolished. Inhabitants perished with towns and villages. The generous af- 
fections, the social sympathies, the enthusiasm of humanity were suppressed. 

Amidst those scenes of misery, in the general calamity that distinguished that dis- 
astrous period, many a tear and many a sigh never met the eye nor ear of sympathy, 
and many a victim fell unpilied and unknown. The celebrated edict of Nantes gran- 
ted to the Protestants security for their rights, but it was revoked by Louis the Four- 
teenth on the S3d of October, 1685. Their Cimrehes were destroyed; their religious 
worship suppressed; eighty thousand persons emigrated and other nations became in- 
debted by this measure to France for tlie fabrication of silks. 

Many of the Huguenots, driven from France by religious persecution, sought refuge 
in Holland. They directed their eyes to the Eritish Colonies in America, where the 
light of religious liberty began to appear, as an asylum where they might enjoy tho 
conscientious exercise of their religion, free and unrestrained. 

Many emigrated to South Carolina, but others preferred New York and Pennsylva- 
nia. A favorable impression had been made by learning the prinei|tles of free gov- 
ernment which had been introduced into the new Colony by William Pcnn, securing 
to tho settler his civil and religious rights. A delegation from Holland waited on him 
at London and were favorably received. William Penn offered them every induce- 
ment to a settlement; he recommended strenuously the cultivation of the vine, for 
which he considered the climate peculiarly adapted, also tho manufacture of silk. 

The mission on returning to Holland recommended an acceptance of the liberal 
offers of Pcnn. 

In 1G86 the Huguenots landed at New York. Some went to Esopus on tho North 
River, others to New Rochclle, and some to Philadelphia. Vineyards were established 
near Philadelphia, one under the management of Andrew Doze, the other under the 
direction of the Chevalier De La None, who had connected with him Abraham Du- 
bois, Boileau, Larroux, Isaac Le Fevre,&c. 

Among the sufferers in France at that eventful period was the family of Le Ficrc 
or Ferrcc. John Le Fiere had married a woman of rare endowments, Mary Warrim- 
bere; their children were Daniel, Philip, John, Catharine, Mary and Jane. On the 
destruction of the Protestant Establishments, the family removed to Strasburg on the 
Rhine, then for greater security to Lindau, a walled town in Lake Constance on the 
borders of Sv/ilzcrland; here they remained two years, but on the death of her hus- 
band, Mary went to Holland. The character of this lady was tinctured with uncom- 
mon resolution and intrepidity; she had left the land of her nativity for ever; the lie 
of love of country had been rudely broken, and she resolved to sock the benevolent 
Founder of Pennsylvania. With this view, accompanied by her children, she went to 
London in the year 1704; from thence she visited William Pcnn at his residence in 
Kensington, where he resided to bo near Qnccn Anne, of whom ho was a distinguish- 
ed favorite. 

William Penn became interested for the unfortunate Mary Lc Fiero, moved by the 
sad tale of her sufTcringa and the vicissitudes she had undergone; he received her in 



of Council, by shooting an arrow from a bow of great power. 

Beaver's cabin stood at the bottom of the Hill, at the spring, the principal source of 
Beaver crock. 

Tho Piquaws were of the Algonkin Tribe of Indians, and were frequently called 
Delawarcs by the Europeans. 

"How nolh/ thus to die," The Indians were of opinion that to die by lightning, 
was death by the special favor of tho Great Spirit. Such a death was rather courted 
by them than avoided. 



iiis house, ii)troduccd her to the (Juccn, who commiserating her condition promised 
her aid on cmigiating to the "Land of Pcnn." William Pcnn procured lodgings for 
Jilt in the viciiiily, whoro slic remained until "the Vessel bound to North River" was 
ready to sail witli Emigrants. The Queen provided plouglis, harrows, axes, hatchets, 
saws, hand mill for grinding corn, &c. &c. Mary Lc Fierc arrived at New York 
about eight months allerwards, and first visited Esopus, then went to Philadelphia, 
taking with her letters to William Penn's Agent, with a grant for two thousand acrea 
of land; she found the Huguenots dissatisfied with their situation, the vineyards not 
proving profitable, which they resolved to abandon and join Madame Fcrree in tho 
proposed settlement among tho Piquaws, whose King had been a favorite of William 
Perm, and the location was strenuously recommended to Mary by the kind Agent of 
Pcnn. 

The Sun had gilded the western horizon when the little band of Emigrants reached 
the verge of the hill which commanded a view of tho Valley of the Piquaws. The 
foliage of the forest was rich and diversified. There Vi/as something singularly beauti- 
ful and picturesque in the disposition of the Indian Cottages amidst coppiscs of luxuri- 
ant hazel extending around far and wide. The great flats of Pcquea, on which King 
Tanawa resided, presented the appearance of a cultivated meadow, surrounding tho 
several Indian Cabins. All was stillness, not a sound to disturb the general tranquility; 
smoke in spiral columns ascended from the Cabins. 

Suddenly a group of Indians stood before them; the fears of the Emigrants were soon 
dispelled, for in broken English one of them bid iheni welcome, and offered to 
conduct them to the dwelling of Beaver, their Chief, whose wigwam was at the base 
of the hill, there they were kindly received by Beaver who gave up his cabin for their 
accommodation, and then went to inform King Tanawa of their arrival. 

If a child was lost, the Indians restored it to its parents. In the absence of the men, 
if an Indian entered the cabin of the settler, the women had no fears. The Piquaws 
supplied the infant settlement with provisions. The Indians never indicated either 
lear or jealoHsy of the whites. King Tanawa gave the settlers a kind reception. The 
Indians delighted in narrating the prowess of Tanawa in fighting, his skill in hunting 
and his wisdom in Council. He died a few years after the Huguenots settled among 
ihem and they attended his funeral. He was buried on "La Fayette Hill," near 
Paradise. 

The Indian children took their carthern vessels to the European Cabins and received 
in exchange for venison a little milk. 

The Indians bruised or pounded corn in stone utensils of rude construction, which 
they afterwards mixed with water and baked in ashes. 

The Piquaws became attached to the Huguenots and afterwards to the Mennonists. 
Tliey valued themselves on their skill in physiognomy, for whenever they met a white 
stranger, they would either shake him cordially by the hand or turn away into tho 
thicket. "Tiiey knew every white face could not bo trusted, they could see treachery 
in their eyes and on their lips." 

The Indians supplied the Vi'hites with provisions. Such were the Piquaws in the In- 
fancy of the Colony before they were corrupted by the vices of Europe. 

The great flats of Pcquea were natural meadows on which grass grew luxuriantly, 
which proved a great source of comfort to the new settlers. 

Isaac Le Fevro was born in 1669, and in 1686 came to Philadelphia from Esopus. 
He married Catharine Ferreo soon after her arrival. Philip Ferrce married Leah, daugh- 
ter of Abraham Dubois. 

One of the Fcrree's was so much impressed by the character of William Penn, and 
the religious principles which directed hiin through life, that he nonnected himself 
with the Society of Friends, conforming to ihcir peculiar forms and habits. 

Mary Lo Ficre or Fcrree vested in Trusteoa a piece of land near Paradise as a bu- 
rial place for the use of the settlement. It is neatly walled and kept in good condition 
by the neighbors, whose ancestors repose within its limits. 

The name of Mary Ferrce will long be held in grateful remembrance by her numor. 
ous and warm hearted progeny. 

John C. Lcfevrc, Esquire, has in his possession a large Quarto Bible which Isaac 
Lcfevro brought with him from France. Mary Le Fiero or Foriee took a prisent 
fioin tho jycnt of William Penn to Tanawa, and thus secured liij (iicndsh'p. 

Now luichcllo, a town in Wost Chester (Jouniy, Stale of New York, i!itu;itcd about 
twenty inilca northeast of the City, originuliy eeitlod by the Hoguonois. 



8 

KEITH'S COPPER MINE. 

Situate in Dart township, Lancaster County. Sir Willam Keith on being intormeJ 
that some Marylandcrs had opened a Copper mine williin tlie limits of Pennsylvania, 
resolved to lake possession of it in 1711), and set men to work in it wiiiioul any au- 
ihoriiy from the proprietary. 

The proprietaries interfered, and Sir William after great expense was compelled to 
abandon tlie undertaking. 

INDIAN WORK SHOPS. 
South of Williamstown near Georgetown. The Indians made a variety of stone 
utensils, some for mashing or pounding corn, others for holding honey which tiiey ob- 
tained in the woods, &,c. &.c. 

LEAD MINKS. 
Sir William Keith endeavored to prevail with the Indians to discover the location of 
ihe Lead mine but without success. The Piquavvs would not reveal its location. 



The Piquaws. 

COMPILED FROM ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. 

Tlio Piquavvs or Piqua Indians were of good height; men six feet, women five, well 
proiiortioncd, black hair, noses varied, some roman, others aquiline, teeth white, black 
eyes, clear and bright; features piepossessing, sight and hearing wonderfully acute, 
healthy, vigourous, and muscular, yet active, impatient of restraint, moderate in eating, 
patient in suffering, grateful, unsusj)ieious, social yet serious; breach of faith was on 
detection punished by death, constancy was a duty, not a merit, their actions were 
influenced by a noble disinterestedness of purpose. Tradition has left no blemish on 
their character, but on the contrary, the innocence of their lives, the simplicity of their 
manners and their friendly disposition. 

Tiic wigwams were scattered along the banks of the Pequea, every wigwam or 
town was governed by a Chief, they were all under obedience to Tanawa, their King, 
who resided at the wigwam in the natural meadow at the great flats, Tanawa had 
known William Penn, and called him the "Indian's Friend," and freiiuently reminded the 
white settlers of the promise made by William Penn, their great Father from the wide 
waters, at tlie great Treaty, when they intruded upon his rights. 

They had no records. The women possessing imagination preserved in tlieir mem- 
ories notices of passing events, which they communicated in figurative language to 
their children. 

They were hospitable and respectful to the white stranger; They possessed a na- 
tural civility of manners. 

The Huguenot from France, the Mennonist from Switzerland, the Lutheran from 
Germany, the Calvanist from Ilolland, the emigrant from Wales, mingled with the In- 
dians in their amusements of hunting and fishing without a fear. 

Pcnnaylvania was the asylum of Indian Nations driven from the South by the cu- 
pidity of the whites, to seek a resting place within her borders. Two centuries before 
the landing of William Penn, not an Indian was to bo seen within the borders of the 
Counties of Lancaster and Chester as at present constituted. Tlie Piquaws came nito 
Pennsylvania about the year 1G30. The Tribes united in war, under Tan-a-wa their 
King. 

The Chiefs of Tribes assembled at the Council Fires, the King presided, the women 
recorded in their memories the transactions. 

A speech of Tan-a-wa or Wa-was-sin is still preserved. 

"The groat Spirit gavethcc life — it was his gift — you owe it to him — one day you 
must return it— despise not the old Chief — he has had practice — remember his counsel 
— he was the hardy tree of the forest — you — tlie tender sapling — pursue the wolf — tree 
tho panther — harm not the white face — keep your arrows for the bears — when the 
white face seeks your cabin — warm him with your fires — give him venison when hun- 
gry — if he wakes you with the long gun — let not youi eyes close until your arrow 
speaks the Indian death quiver. ^ 

The great ('hiclof tlii, pale faces — he came from the great water — we met in Conn- 



9 

cil — vvc had our talk — he gave us hiiuling jfrouiiii — we cxcliunguJ wauipuius — we 
mude a Troaiy — il is to lust as long us the iroc shull stand or the water How." 

This ppt'ech lias no date but tradition itlls us that William Pcnii made a great Trea- 
ty Willi tiie Indians at Sliakamaxon. The mention of the 'J'ree and Water seem to fa- 
vor the belief that the Elm and the Delaware were meant by Tanawa. 

TANAWAII. 
See "Star in the West," pages 178 — 179. "I am come in the name of O-e-a, ( Yo- 
litiwa,") page 104. "A-no-wah." The words Yohewa and Aiiowah seem to im- 
ply a title given to the King by the Indians, as Tanawah was applied lo the King of 
the Piquaws in the same sense as we use Excellency vvhcu speaking of the President. 

INDIAN LANGUAGES. 
"One very great diiliculiy has presented itself for putting down the names of things 
uu paper. I have ascertained llic same word is pronounced different ways, similar 
enough to be underslood by the Indian addressed, but if written by Europeans a. vari- 
aiion will occur sufficient to render the meaning indistinct." 

INDIAN MISSIONS. HOW WAS AMERICA PEOPLED? 

'I'hat North America was once united to Japan and Japan to Asia, has been proved by 
Navigators, by which man and those animals peculiar to a northern latitude passed in- 
to Amerisa. The cclcbntcd Do Bauch ascertained by soutidiiigs that a chain of islands 
aud slioals running firom the most easterly point of Brazil, to the most vvestcrnly coast of 
Africa, show a connection once lo have existed of a narrow Isthmus, by which man 
and animals peculiar to a warm temperature may have entered South America. 

It is therefore probable, that North America was originally settled by the descendcnts 
of Magog, and South America by the Canaanites, who were driven from Asia by Joshua 
the son of Nun. 

PIQUAW TRADITION. 

ORIGIN OF MAN AND WOMAN. 

'■The great Spirit planted on tiic eartii man and woman — the great Father of the 
Indians died — his spirit is the sun — the great Mother of the Indians followed his path — 
her spirit is the moon — !*he oflcnded the great spirit — she was separated from the sun 
fsrevcr — she shines at night. 

Wlien the sun is obscured the spirits of the Indians weep — tears fail — rivers over- 
flow and tender plants bow down their heads." 

HINDOO AND EGYPTIAN. 

Tlie Architecture of the Hindoo and the Egyptian are similar. Their enclosures — 
iheir excavations — their sculptured ornaments — their mechanical contrivances denote 
a common origin. 

The works of art in Nubia, in Egypt, in Ethiopia, in India, prove this fact. The 
Hindoos, Egyptians, American Indians and the Blacks of Africa uitroduced into their 
worshipfiguresof animals, these were venerated, and the same superstitious belief was 
c.vtentled to the other imaginary deities. 

The Chaldean and the early Oriental Nations referred all effects which they did not 
understand, to the direct agency of a good or evil spirit. 

These presided over trees, rivers, mountains and animals. 

The same belief existed among the Indians. 

The most ancient, was the worship of the heavenly bodies. 

An indistinct notion ofa Supreme Being prevailed from a period a little subsequent 
to the deluge, to the calling of Abraham. 

The Babylonians, Kgyptians, Assyrians and Hindoos agree in the Creation, the 
Deluge, the dispersion o) the human race, the institution of laws and religion. 

The Egyptians and the Chaldeans had the same early acquaintance with the arts and 
sciences; ihcse were ■lerivcd, when as one family, from the same source. 

Tlie more wc investigate, the more will wc he convinced ofa common origin. What- 



10 

ever may be (lie diversity of colour, language, customs, sufficient resemblance remains 
to denoto that they all descended from Noah. 

The following description of ihc present savages of Asia, maybe interesting to those 
who arc desirous ol information. 

SAVAGES OF ASIA. 

" These are divided into tribes, and these subdivided mto hordes. Each horde is gov- 
erned by a chiel, and these again in a tribe owe allegiance to a superior. They like not 
the restraint of houses. They all repose in family groups, around large fires, to keep off 
noxious insects and wild beasts. They cannot be trained to cullivalc land. They extract 
a liquor from the palm for drink, and are fond of wild fruits and honey. They exchange 
skins, wood, game, «fec. for copper rings, glass beads or rice." 

Comparethe foregoing picture of savage life in Asia, with that of the American In- 
dians. 

ThePiquaw in fishing or hunting, always believed he was attended by the Good or 
Evil Spirit in the form ofa land or water animal, and as he was more or less successful, 
so did the Good or Evil Spirit preponderate. 

TRADITIONARY ANECDOTE. 

A wife of one ot the settlers, accompanied by a child, went to pick black berries; the 
child wandered from her, the mother alarmed hunted in vam, finally she went to an 
Indian cabin, where she found an Indian lying on the fioor, she told her story, the In- 
dian rose, ''saw," "saw;" for Indians use but few words; and accompanied her to the 
place where the child was lost, then putting his dog on the scent, in an hour the child 
was found sleeping near the root of a tree. 

Note. — The history of the Indian Tribes is involved in perplexity and their origin 
rendered uncertain and obscure from the names given them by writers who did not 
understand their language sufficiently to report them with accuracy. The Indians 
expressed themselves figuratively, with remarkable sententiousness. Few therefore, 
were the interpreters, who could explain them literally. 

When Tanawa was asked by a member of Council, whether his tribe belonged to 
the Five Nations — he replied — "Once we were free in the forest like a deer, now like a 
panther we hide in the thick branches of the cedar — we were a tribe of a powerful 
Nation — we pay tribute to the Five Nations — they gave us their name — we were not 
of their Nation." 

"Are you Delavvares?" 

"The Delawares were a tribe of the same great Nation — Your people call us Dela- 
wares — we are Paquaws." A Delaware King was buried not far from Tanawa, over 
whom was placed an immense pile of fire stones. Thus was the grave of a King al- 
ways distinguished. 

It must be borne in mind that Tanawa had sold the Land to William Penn, therefore 
he threw no impediment in the way of the Huguenots when they made their settle, 
ment. 

Madame Ferree had a grant of two thousand acres. 

Daniel Ferree had a promissory grant of two thousand acres. 

Philip Ferree married Leah, the daughter of Abraham Dubois, and was presented 
with the grant held by Dubois for two thousand acres. 

Isaac Le Fevre held a grant for two thousand acres, and also obtained an additional 
grant by his marriage with Catharine Ferree. Their son was the first white child born 
in the Valley ol Pequea. 

HISTORICAL ANECDOTE. 

"A number of Indian Chiefs were on their way to Philadelphia to vist their "Great 
Father," General Washington, from the Ohio. Ten miles east from Lancaster, where 
a spring crossed the road, they suddenly Icfl the road to the great surprise of the inter- 
preter and government agent. On being asked by the agent their intention, they 
informed him, many of their tribe had been buried there and their King and chief war- 
rior, whose grave they wished now to visit." 

The Indian field where Ta.nawa was buried is that distance from Lancaster. It 
must have been the grave of Tanawa, King of the Piquaws, or that of the Delaware 
King, which was the object of their visit. 



ie^<n 



11 

ANECDOTE OP VVH.LIAM PENN, 

A landed proprietor in Great Britain, vvlio admired the cimraclcr and habits of the 
bociety of Friends, came to Philadelphin , where the followins conversation oeciirred— 
"iTiend Penn, what would you advise me to do, liow can [ nssist you ui yourscitlement?" 

"iTiend, I would have no Idler in the Colony, every man has his calling, let each 
man assist each other, he wiio possesses the most means with the inclination can do the 
most good." 

"I have lived heretofore on iny estate as a plain country g-entlcinan, what can I do?" 
"My dear friend, 1)0 a nierehant, buy a sidp, brins from Europe necessaries of life 
tor our Colonists, and barter them fijr skins, &c. with our Indian traders. I said ne- 
cessaries, for Jamaica spirits would prove dcslruciivo to our inierests." 

Tlie gentleman became a merchant and owner of a ship, at the recommendation of 
renn, but alter the death of Penn, returned to Great Britain. 

NAMES OF SETTLERS WITH DATE OF SETTLEMENT. 

Benjamin Witmer, Lightner, Eshelman, Herr. Harshe, Espenshade, Eby, Hershey, 
Denlinger. Baer, Groff, Graef, Zimmerman, in 1718. Ellmaker,1720. Souder, 1719. 
Kintzer 1721, Miller, 1720. Frantz, 1720. Mussclmnn, 1722. Hoare, Jenkins, 
Jones, Williams, Morgan from Wales in 1719. Jacob Shartz in 1726. Eckertinl725. 
Peter Leaman, 1727. Breckbill. 1725. Hamilign, Sample, Boyd. M'llwaine, M'Cauley, 
Durilap, 1728. Slaymaker, 1718. Henderson, 172G. Plosse, 1720. Kani?, 1718.— 
Keneagy, 1718. Reynolds, 1728. Beck, Becker, 1718. Caldwell, 1728. Baltzar 
rsaschoar, 1734. 

A number of Irish Emigrants settled early on the Hazel land, made ditches and 
planted hedges of i)rivet tor fences from the want of trees. They mostly removed to 
the southern part of the county, where they formed what was called the Scotch Irish 
settlement, having disposed of their improvements on the Pequeato the Germans. 

P AR ADI SE .d^^^«>r^ 

This Village received its name in 179G, from WftidiaH Witmer, Esquire, the Pro- 
^netor, and is at present held by the family. A 

^ / ^ i inw k n ii Witmer was a lineal desnendent from Benjamin Witmer. 

Paradise is the only post town of that name in Pennsylvania. 

PEQUEA VALLEY LN 1754. 

KXTRACT FROM A LETTER OF GOVERNOR POWNALL. 

"I passed through ihe hills over a rough road, six miles and a hidf lo the widow 
( aWwell's at the Hat, and then entered the beautiful Valley of Pequca. 

The Vale is formed by the Valley Hill, on the South, and the Welsh mountain on 
the North. My ne.xt stage was six miles and a half to the Red Lion, then toConestoga 
a large stream four miles, thence to Lancaster, two miles. 

Lancaster is a wealthy and thriving town, about five hundred inhabitants, manuftc- 
tures saddles, pack saddles, guns. Indian traders, stocking weavers. 

J'equea afTorded a pleasant jirospect — a rich land.scape — farm houses surrounded with 
apple and peach trees. The farmer.?, proprietors, not tenants. On every farm a lime 
kiln, and the land .adapted for the best ot wheat. On inquiry, the finest farms are all 
owned by Switzcrs. 

Land or farms .sell readily at three pounds an acre. On llie east side of the Ilills 
at five pounds per acre." 



13 
LYCEUM CELEBRATION, 

OF THE rOUTKU 01' JULY, 1842, AT I'AKADISK. 

Tlie cxerciyes cominciiccJ in ilio I'l't'sbylcrian Ciiurcli vviili a prayer by the Rev. 
Ml. Barr. 

Jolui VV. Forney Esq., Delegate from the Mechanics' Institute, addressed tlie nu- 
merous Audience, "on the Intcilectual Movement of ihe Age." — [Sacred Music. 

Joseph (1 Passmorc, Estj., Delegate from tiic Lancaster Lyceum — an address on our 
••Coiislituti'Jiial History." — [Sacred music. 

Dr. John Leaman, Delegate from tiic Paradise Lyceum — subject of liis address — 
"The Natural Beauties ol'our Country " — [Sacred music. 

Prayer — by tlie Rev. K. Y. Buchanan. 

The exercises in the Church having been concluded, an adjournment look place to 
the woods on the Pequa, where the 0)mmittee, Messrs. John F. Steele, Joel L Liglit- 
ner, Joseph IL Lefever, George K. W'itmcr, and Samuel F. Foster, had provided a 
platlonn and benches lor the contmuaiac of tha exercises, and the accommodation of 
the Coni[):iny. 

The Derliiniiion of Independence was then read by Adam K. Witnier, Esq., of the 
Paradise Lyceum. 

Philip A. ( Vegar, Esq., Delegate from the Philadelphia Lyceum, delivered an address 
''on the Day celebrated by Lyceums." Mr. Cregar concluded by offering tlie following 
Resolution v\hicli was read and unanimously adopted: — 

Resolved, Tliat we deem it highly expedient, and most heartily recommend the for- 
mation of a Lyceum in every county, township, and village throughout our State, and 
every other State in the Union, 

George VV. M'Elroy, Esq., a member of the New Holland Lyceum, then addressed 
tlie nuiucreus assemblage by request. 

Cyrus Whitson, Ksq., a Delegate, from the Bart Lyceum, offered the following Res- 
olution, which was read anJuna'riifiirf'usly adopted: — 

Resolved, Tliat it be recoflTirfBfi^d to liie Philadelphia Lyceum, Lyceum and Me- 
<'h;inics' Instiluie of the City o^.ancastcr, and the Lyceums of Iiaiicastcr and the ad- 
joining (Jounties, to celebrate tlie 4th of .)uly, 1 843, in Paradise, thus presenting; affbtRcr 
opportunity i'or every Lyceum to be represented and to partake of" tliat rational enjoy- 
ment which now gladdens and illumines every countenance. 

The President of tlic Paradise Lyceum gave a brief historical sketch of the early 

yettlement of Pe(iuea Valley. The company then partook of a substantial and pleiiti- 

fiil repast, sup[)li('d by the Ladies of Paradise and its vicinity. Songs, afterwards, on 

the banks of the Pe<(uea, finished the amusements of the day, one of which was written 

by Benjamin G. llerr, Esq., for the occasion, \vhich was received with great cnthu. 

siasiu. There were ujiwards of four hundred persons present, and nothing occurred to 

mar the harmony, or disturb the festivity of the day. 

DELEGATES. 

Phimp a. Cregar, Ks(i. ^ m •, r . . 

T^ „; i^ ' / Ihila. Lyceum. 

David vVkdster, Esq. \ •' 

J. C. Pass.\iore, Esq. ^ Lancaster Con- 

JoHN \V. Forney, Escj. j conservatory of 

Dr. J. K. Neff, J- Arts and Scien- 

JohnCox. j ces, and City 

Charles Bressler, j Lyceum. 

John W. Forney, Esu. / h,. i , i ... 

„ ni f > Mechanics Institute. 

IKTER Mct-O.NOMY, \ 

Rev. Mr. '1'i.mlow, ? o i i t > 

t. T.^ I- > Salisbury Lye in. 

Sylvester Kennedy, Esq. \ j j 

Joseph Wiogans, Esq. — Ephrata I>yccum. 

Cyrus Whitson, Esq. — Bart Lyceum. 

Mr. A. L. ("uster ) m ,, ,, j , -, 

George VV. M'Elroy. \ ^'''\ """^""^ ^'^^''^'•3' ^^'''^^y- 

The naiiK.'j of the Delegates from the I<yceums of Strasburg, Columbia, Mountjoy 
and Salisbury, were not |)res(!Uted. The Rev. Mr. Timlow, who was to have delivered 
an address, was jircvenlcd by indispoptlioi'i 



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